Page 125 - Livre Beau Rivage Palace
P. 125

Fig. 6           Fig. 7                                                  Fig. 8

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 The Conference of Lausanne was a microcosm with its own   former dominant powers had to stop thinking and acting as colonialists’.    thus assured ‘a direct line to Britain, Spain, Czechoslovakia, Poland,  January 1922. ‘These high revenues are a result of the peace conference
 rules, a scaled-down version of the real world which existed in   The majority of delegates from the Allied nations were embassy   and they could even reach Moscow and Constantinople. This was one of   on Asia Minor.’
 its own space and time and set its own pace, alternating between   officials; Lord Curzon was the British foreign secretary and viceroy   the major technological innovations made during the organisation of the   However, not all of Lausanne’s hotels thrived during the
 official negotiations and private discussions, work and leisure time,  of India at the time, and an expert on Asia Minor. The French   conference. Lausanne had also just launched its first wireless telegraph   conference, and the city council had to subsidise at least one hotel
 protocol and gossip. The participants soon fell into a routine. The   secretary general, René Massigli, was a veteran of numerous post-  service, which was the forerunner of the first radio in French-speaking   which had had ‘a disastrous season’ on account of the conference
 wife of the leader of the British delegation joined her husband at   war diplomatic conferences. The Turks seemed less experienced   Switzerland. The Beau-Rivage Palace seized the opportunity to update its   and requested 15,000 fr. in compensation and another 13,079 fr.
 Ouchy and stayed at Saint Moritz before being called back to the   in diplomatic affairs, but from 1919 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk had   own telephone network to a “nine-wire” system and employed a number   for staff wages.
 shores of Lake Geneva to attend an important dinner reception   gradually reconquered his country through a combination of   of new, dedicated communications staff.’ 18  As well as reaping the financial rewards of the conference, the
 hosted by the British delegation (fig. 8).   military shrewdness and effective, assured diplomacy which   The opening day of the conference coincided with a printing   Lausanne hotel industry benefited in less tangible ways. Working
 skilfully exploited the disunity of the Allies. Atatürk’s internal and   dispute: salary negotiations broke down and the typographers   with the Society of Hoteliers, the hotels took journalists on
 HOTEL RESOURCES AND DIPLOMATIC RESOURCES  foreign affairs strategy strove for Turkish independence, peace and   went on strike. The strike, which started in Lausanne, spread   press trips and cruises around the lake; they also set up a tourist
 On the eve of the conference’s opening session, the   the adoption of a Westernised model for the new Turkey. He rallied   across  French- and  German-speaking  Switzerland, notably  to   information office in the train station. These marketing initiatives
 correspondent of Le Temps wrote, ‘The Conference does not have a   a number of people for the conference who, although novices in   Bern, Zürich and Basle. The stand-off lasted until December 1922,  brought added kudos to the hotels. The Beau-Rivage’s board
 single administrative department in charge of arranging meetings between   diplomacy, were extremely knowledgeable on the West. General   when the master printers returned to the negotiating table. The   of directors was delighted with the resulting rise in profits, and
 the different delegations or between the delegations and the press. Everything   Ismet Pasha, who led the Turkish delegation to Lausanne, was a   strike was finally called off on 15 December. The dispute forced   praised the hotel manager for his ‘great skill’ in  ‘spreading the
 is still being done ad hoc.’  It was a harsh judgment, and perhaps   military man with little experience in international relations, yet   the editors of Lausanne’s four local daily newspapers to merge   reputation of the Beau-Rivage, which will without doubt benefit the hotel
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 a  little  hasty. Although  the  conference  had  undoubtedly  been   with the help of his expert aides he was able to stand firm against   temporarily under one title, La Presse lausannoise, which appeared   in the future’. 20
 organised in a hurry, the commissions had all been selected, the   Lord Curzon. Ismet Pasha’s inflexibility and refusal to compromise   in a drastically reduced four-page format leaving little room for   ‘There was such a general mêlée at the opening of the Conference of
 chairs appointed and the secretary general chosen. The conference   finally won out over Curzon’s skill and experience, despite the   commentary and analysis of the conference events.  Lausanne that the people next to me mistook a humble regional council
 was informed by the new diplomacy, which advocated a greater   fact  that  as  the  conference’s  co-ordinator,  Curzon  had  set  the   The hotels offered their accommodation and restaurant   representative for some member of a foreign delegation.’ This withering
 level of transparency by involving politicians in the discussions   agenda and had also been privy to secret messages sent by the   services to the delegations, some of whom had already installed   comment from the correspondent of the Journal de Genève makes
 (even if this meant holding up the diplomatic process), taking into   Turks which had been intercepted and decoded by his own people.   their own secretarial staff in the rooms they had been allocated.  light of the security issues surrounding an event which brought
 account public opinion by opening the debates to the press and   Although Lord Curzon’s performance was a brilliant tour de force   The Lausanne city council had asked the city’s hotels, shops and   over 250 delegates and a large number of journalists to Lausanne,
 publicising them, and integrating economic and financial issues   in classic international diplomacy, the Conference of Lausanne   businesses to ‘guarantee fair prices and [to] maintain the city’s good   as well as attracting members of the general public. The security
                           19
 by bringing in other experts. In Lausanne, the new diplomacy   would ultimately be remembered for its role in the birth of the   reputation’.  In response, the hotels drew up a list of rates, which   was handled by the local and regional authorities, who deployed
 resulted in an increased number of special commissions and   new Turkey and its official recognition in the international arena.  they sent to the council and to the foreign delegations.  a special detachment of 63 men consisting of police officers and
 the  limiting  of  plenary  conference  sessions,   direct  exchanges   The negotiators were under pressure from their respective   The Conference of Lausanne proved to be lucrative for the   security officials, all mobilised to guarantee the safety of those
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 outside of strict protocol and private meetings which multiplied   governments and the public, who were kept abreast of proceedings   Beau-Rivage Palace, which was unusually ‘full’ on 24 November   involved in the conference. Extra measures were taken during
 considerably when the talks broke down in January 1923.  by the large official press corps. The correspondent of Le Temps   1922. The hotel manager, Egli, noted in his accounts book that   public events, but overall, particularly within the hotels, the
 Two dramatically opposing styles of diplomacy came face to   welcomed  the ‘lifting of the veil of secrecy initially imposed on the   the daily turnover of 7500 fr. (yielding dividends of over 8 per   security presence remained discreet, despite numerous terrorist
 face during the Conference of Lausanne. On the one side, the   delegates’, which opened up ‘information to public opinion’. A press   cent) was ‘in large part thanks to the exceptional circumstances of the   threats received by the police (fig. 9).
 Allies continued to behave as victors, and found it hard to shake   area was set up in the Lausanne Palace, giving journalists access   peace conference’. The operating accounts presented at the board   The Lausanne city council was faced with the spiralling
 off their old colonial habits. The Treaty of Sèvres, a masterpiece in   to an impressive range of resources, including secretarial offices,   meeting of 15 January 1923 showed a substantial increase in   costs of the conference, most of which were related to security.
 arrogant diplomacy, was now dead in the water and the Allies were   reading rooms, a brand new telephone exchange and a state of the   revenue year-on-year: 1,666,000.15 fr. for the year ending 31   Spending rose to 65,402.55 fr., and a further 38,711.60 fr. went on
 forced into a painful about-turn in response to the success of the   art Marconi wireless telegraph system (identical to that used by   December 1922, as against 1,513,599.95 fr. for 1921; 102,992 fr.  overtime wages for city employees.  The Council of State for Vaud
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 Turks. In the words of one commentator, ‘The representatives of the   the League of Nations assemblies). Delegates and reporters were   for the period from 1-14 January 1923, as against 27,056.25 fr. for   announced a spend of 24,869.15 fr., plus 102,835.25 fr. in staff wages.

 Benito Mussolini leaving the Beau-Rivage Palace. Photograph, 1922-23.  Lord Curzon, Benito Mussolini and Raymond Poincaré on the steps   Mustafa Kemal on Lake Geneva during the Lausanne Conference. Photograph, 1923.
                  to the south entrance of the Beau-Rivage Palace.



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